We often receive questions from customers about the operation of lithium batteries in winter at sub-zero temperatures.
In this article we will answer the main questions and offer you a solution!!!

About Temperature

The optimum temperature for lithium batteries is between +15 and 30 degrees Celsius, at this temperature the efficiency will be maximized.

But what happens when the temperature drops below 0 degrees?

Lithium elements represent the composition of cathodes. We most often use INR(NMC) cells, which have nickel and manganese in addition to lithium. This combination of components provides batteries with high energy capacity.

However, at sub-zero temperatures, chemical reactions slow down and the battery loses capacity faster.

On average, the loss can be about 40% of the declared capacity of the battery - this means that a battery with, for example, 20 ampere hours of capacity, can lose up to 8 ampere hours of capacity, and will work as a battery of 12 ampere hours, which, of course, will affect both the time of operation, and its life cycle. So may also occur such defects as:
- Battery disconnection during operation;
- Battery disconnection under load;
- Battery does not turn on after idle time outdoors;
- Battery range decreases dramatically.

What can be done to minimize the loss and ensure high efficiency of the battery at subzero temperatures and avoid many other problems?

Techmake Lab offers an innovative solution for its customers: we have created a lithium battery heating system that turns on when the temperature drops to +5 degrees Celsius and heats the assembly from the inside to +15 degrees Celsius. The heating system is powered by the battery itself, so the heating power for a 60 volt, 20 amp hour battery is only 30 watts per hour (only 2% of the battery power). After tests it became clear that this solution allows to reduce the loss of lithium battery capacity to 5-10%.

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